The CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) identified 3,442 deaths from 1999-2003 “resulting from exposure to extreme heat.” Arizona, Nevada, and Missouri topped the list for states with the highest average of hyperthermia-related deaths. About 65% of the deaths were related directly to heat exposure. In the remaining 35%, hyperthermia was a contributing factor that exacerbated underlying medical conditions.
There are 2 things you should do:
1. THINK BIG. In this report, nearly 60% of the deaths (where hyperthermia was a contributing factor) were attributed to cardiovascular disease. As instructors, we continually preach ‘steering clear’ of tunnel vision. Yes, you need to specifically treat the environmental emergency, but a thorough physical exam and patient history are also very important. In addition to heart problems, your patient may exhibit signs and systems stemming from diabetic emergencies, poisonings, infection, etc.
2. PREVENTION IS KEY. As a community resource, you have a responsibility to share prevention information on heat-related illnesses. There are many resources available to you online. Here are the basics: drink plenty of water, stay in air-conditioned places, wear light-weight clothing, and NEVER leave anyone in a closed, parked vehicle.
Web resources: www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5529a2.htm
References: CDC. Heat-related mortality---Arizona, 1993--2002, and United States, 1979--2002. MMWR 2005;54:628--30. (www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5425a2.htm)